Dr. Tim Eppley and colleagues published this chapter in the book Defining Agroecology: A Festschrift for Teja Tscharntke. The volume was compiled in honor of Prof. Tscharntke, whose legacy is synonymous with agroecology. In the study, Dr. Eppley et al. evaluated agricultural practices in southern Madagascar, a food-insecure region that suffers from droughts and exponential human population growth. They found that food insecurity could be improved if annual crops were replaced or combined with perennial crops in agroforestry systems. This benefits humans while protecting remaining forest habitats for native plants and animals.